How does GHOSTDAG handle blocks mined in parallel?

GHOSTDAG processes all blocks mined in parallel rather than discarding competing blocks as orphans. In a single-chain proof-of-work system, when two miners produce valid blocks at nearly the same time, one block gets orphaned — discarded — and the mining effort behind it is permanently wasted. GHOSTDAG keeps those parallel blocks and gives them a consistent order, so every honest miner's work counts toward network security. For a beginner, this means the Kaspa network turns more of its mining energy into real security, because fewer blocks are ever thrown away.