How does Kaspa achieve decentralization without nodes coordinating?

Kaspa achieves decentralization automatically — it emerges from the physics of networks and the mathematics of consensus, not from nodes actively coordinating with each other. In most decentralized systems, keeping the network honest requires participants to coordinate: they vote, signal, or rely on social rules to stay aligned. Kaspa's design sidesteps this entirely. Latency constraints (the physical limits on how fast data travels between nodes) and the protocol's mathematical rules together produce decentralization as a natural outcome — no group of nodes needs to agree to be decentralized, it just happens. For a beginner, this means Kaspa's decentralization is structural and hard to subvert, because it is built into the network's physics and math rather than depending on any participant's goodwill.