How does Kaspa guard against timestamp manipulation by miners?

Kaspa protects against timestamp manipulation by pairing a short timestamp flexibility window with a much longer difficulty window. An adversarial miner could try to set block timestamps artificially low to make the network think blocks are arriving slowly, causing difficulty to drop and making mining cheaper for that miner. Kaspa counters this by keeping the difficulty window — currently 2641 seconds — far longer than the timestamp flexibility window, so gaming it consistently would require a lot of resources and luck, while only affecting the network mildly even if it succeeded. For beginners, this means the design keeps difficulty manipulation low-risk for ordinary participants even while the developers acknowledge the current window sizes are less than ideal.

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