How does Kaspa handle conflicting transactions?

When two transactions conflict in Kaspa, the one with lower blue work — effectively the earlier one in topological order — wins. Blue work respects topology because of the GHOSTDAG max operator, which means the ordering it produces is consistent across the whole blockDAG. Because blue work always produces a topological sort, there is never ambiguity about which conflicting transaction came first. For a beginner, this means Kaspa has a clear, deterministic rule: in any dispute, the transaction that ranks earlier in the topological order is the valid one.