What happens if a Kaspa miner's clock drifts?

A miner whose system clock runs more than two minutes ahead of the rest of the network will have their blocks delayed. Kaspa's difficulty adjustment algorithm uses block timestamps to order and validate work, so a clock that runs fast puts a miner's blocks out of sync with the network's consensus view. When that happens, the miner's block is less likely to land in the 'blue set' — the set of blocks the network treats as canonical — which directly reduces the probability of earning a block reward. For anyone running mining hardware, keeping an accurate system clock is a practical operational requirement.