What is Kaspa's bounded delay model?

Kaspa's bounded delay model is a design assumption that network messages will arrive within a 5-second window. This 5-second ceiling is not a hard rule the protocol enforces — it is an empirical safety parameter drawn from observed real-world network behavior. In other words, Kaspa's designers studied how the network actually performs and set this value accordingly, rather than inventing an arbitrary limit. For a beginner, this matters because it shows the protocol was built on measured reality rather than optimistic guesses about how fast the internet behaves.