How does Kaspa enable trustless bridges between its main chain and Layer 2 networks?

Kaspa's L1-to-L2 trustless bridges combine KIP17 covenant scripts with KIP16 ZK proof verification, allowing assets to move between chains without relying on a central custodian. A bridge transfers assets between two separate networks. Most bridges require trusting a third party to hold your funds on one side while a representation of them exists on the other — if that party is compromised, your assets can be lost. Kaspa's approach uses ZK proofs (short for zero-knowledge proofs — a cryptographic method of verifying a claim without revealing the underlying data) to confirm the other chain behaved as expected, while covenant scripts on Kaspa's side enforce the transfer rules. No single operator needs to be trusted for the movement to be valid. For a beginner, this matters because it means you can eventually use KAS-based assets on Layer 2 networks without handing custody of those assets to anyone.