What happens if a miner's clock drifts more than two minutes?

If a miner's system clock runs more than two minutes ahead of the network majority, their blocks are delayed by the protocol, which lowers the chance those blocks will be recognized as part of Kaspa's 'blue set.' In Kaspa's GHOSTDAG consensus, blocks that are accepted as honest and timely are called blue blocks — being blue is what earns a miner their block reward. A delay caused by clock drift pushes a block outside the acceptable timestamp window, making it look like a late or out-of-order submission and reducing its odds of being blue. For miners, the practical fix is straightforward: keep your hardware's system clock synchronized with a reliable time source so your blocks land within the expected window.