What are KIP-17 and KIP-20 in the Covenants++ upgrade?

KIP-17 and KIP-20 are two of the three upgrades activated by the Covenants++ hardfork. KIP-17 adds covenant opcodes — special instructions that give a transaction the ability to inspect its own structure (transaction introspection), which is the prerequisite for enforcing rules about how funds can be spent. KIP-20 introduces consensus-tracked covenant IDs, giving stateful contracts a persistent identity that the network itself follows across multiple transactions. For a beginner, this means Kaspa transactions can carry self-enforcing spending rules, a key building block for smart-contract-like behavior.