What are vProgs (Verifiable Programs)?

vProgs, short for Verifiable Programs, are Kaspa's published protocol specification for running program logic off the main chain while keeping it verifiable on it. Rather than re-executing code on every node, a vProg runs as an independent state machine off-chain, then submits a ZK proof to Layer 1 so the network can confirm the result without repeating the computation. This matters for beginners because it means complex programs can run on Kaspa without slowing down or bloating the base layer that everyone depends on.