What VM is being evaluated for Kaspa's vProgs execution?

Cairo, developed by StarkWare, is being evaluated as the likely first virtual machine for Kaspa's vProgs smart contract execution. It was chosen because its Sierra bytecode format uniquely provides provable metering and safety — meaning the network can mathematically verify how much computation a program uses and that it will not behave unsafely. The source notes these are properties that competing zero-knowledge VMs like SP1 currently lack. For a beginner, this matters because the choice of VM shapes what tools developers can use to build on Kaspa, and Cairo's safety properties reduce the risk of programs misbehaving on-chain.

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